名 词
在中考单项选择试题中,除了时态,名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点:
一、 可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,(1)分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择。(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化。(3)不可数名词的量化表达。所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如:
1 desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2 bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3 tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5 baby---babies family---families
另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如,Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.
二、 名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式:一是加’s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可。例如,boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones’s car
第一部分:规则变化
情况 |
构成法 |
读音 |
例词 |
一般情况(包括以e结尾的名词) |
加-s |
-s在清辅音[p][t][k] [f]后读[s]
在浊辅音和元音后读[z]
在辅音[s][z][d ?]后读[iz]
口诀:清清浊浊元浊 |
Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces |
以s, x, ch, sh结尾 |
加-es |
在[s][z][?][t?]后读[iz] |
Classes, boxes, watches, brushes |
以辅音+y结尾 |
变y为i,加es |
读[z] |
Cities, countries, studies |
以元音+y结尾 |
加-s |
读[z] |
Boys, rays, days |
有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列。
情况 |
构成法 |
读音 |
例词 |
以o 结尾 |
加-es |
读[z] |
Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes |
加-s |
读[z] |
Bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos |
以f, fe结尾 |
变f, fe为v,再加-es |
读[vz] |
Leaf-leaves
Life-lives
Wife-wives |
加-s |
读[s] |
Roofs, proofs, chiefs |
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
下面请大家自己练习一下。
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her
C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s
D. Mary’s and Jane’s
英语语法专项练习二 名词
( ) 1 She was very happy. She ________in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes
C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake
( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe
( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.
A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using
( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes
( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please.
A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear
( ) 7 On the table there are five____.
A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato
( ) 8 They got much ___ from those new books..
A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
( ) 9 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice
( ) 10. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news
( ) 11. What___ lovely weather it is!
A. / B. the C. an D. a
( ) 12 -Would you like___tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A- any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges
( ) 13. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( ) 14.It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.
A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time
( ) 15. I would like to have___.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I
C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
( ) 16. Can you give me ____?
A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea |
( ) 17. Please give me ___ paper.
A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of
( ) 18. John bought___for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe
C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
( ) 19. -How many ____ have you got on your farm? -I've got five.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
( ) 20. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
21. In the picture there are many____ and two.
A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; fox C. sheeps; foxesD. sheep;foxs
22. A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.
A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American
( ) 23. This table is made of___.
A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass
( ) 2 4.-What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____. !
A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken
( ) 25. Children should make____ for old people in a bus.
A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room
) 26. Tables are made of___.
A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods
( ) 27. I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.
A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples
( ) 28.I have read____ of the young writer.
A. works B. work C. this works D. the works
( ) 29. Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?
A. the People's Park B. the Peoples' Park C. the People Park D. People's Park
( ) 30.___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.
A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a
( ) 31.How many ______were there in the street when the accident happened?
A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples
( ) 32.If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.
A. set B. one C. piece D. pair
( ) 33. Last week I bought a TV____.
A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block
( ) 34. There is a ________of wood left on the ground.
A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair
( ) 35. There are sixty-seven___ in our school.
A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
( ) 36. There are five___in our factory.
A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers
( ) 37. These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor
( ) 38. They write most of their.___ in English.
A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters
( ) 39. We came to a ___ at last .and went in.
A. watch shop B. watches shop ,'C. watching shop D. watchs shop
( ) 40. This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___
A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop
( )41. She broke a___while she was washing up.
A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass
( )42. I've forgotten both of the____.
A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number
( )43.. September 10th is____in China.
A. Teacher's Day B. Teachers'Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day
( ) 44. -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____,.
A. the teacher's; my B. teacher's; mine C. teacher's; me D. the teacher's; mine
( ) 45. Excuse me, where is the___?
A. men's room B. mens' room C. men's rooms D. men room
.( ) 46. The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 47. This is my____dictionary.
A. sister Mary B. sister's C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's
( ) 48. He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.
A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors'
( ) 49. Joan is____.
A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister
C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister
( ) 50. In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year B. years' C. year's D. years
( ) 51. It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes
( ) 52. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____..
A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk
C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk
( ) 53. Half___ telephone calls are made in English.
A. the world B. world C. the world's D. world's
( )54. ____ face to the south.
A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room
C. The room's windows D. The windows in room
( )55. Please take two___.
A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park
( ) 56. The workers are repairing____.
A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house
C. roof of the house D. this roof of house
( ) 57. Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers ,
( ) 58. This is a book of ___.
A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him
( ) 59.The post card is sent by ____.
A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father's
C. my father friend D. my father friend's
( ) 60. Sydney is a city of___.
A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan
( ) 61. My father likes buying us ___.
A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents
( ) 62.In England, the last name is the ___.
A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name
( ) 63. Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.
A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital
( ) 64.My father is a____. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier
( ) 65. -Which animal lives only in China? -The____.
A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant
( ) 66.April come before___and after___.
A. March; May B. May; March C. June; May D. March; February
( ) 67. Which of the following is right?
A. China has a large population. B. China has much population.
C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of pop
名词 [常考知识点] 1. 不可数名词。如information, weather, fun, advice, news等, 主要在感叹句中考查。 2. 名词的单复数。写出下列名词的复数形式: photo________ radio__________ potato_______ tomato__________ watch___________ diary________ tooth________ foot____________ Frenchman _____________ German____________ mouse_________ knife _________ wolf___________ roof__________ man doctor ____________ woman teacher __________ boy student____________ 3. 既可作可数名词, 又可作不可数名词的词: glass ___________ (不可数名词) , ____________(可数名词) paper___________(不可数名词), _____________ (可数名词) chicken__________(不可数名词), _____________(可数名词) 4. 名词的格。翻译: 教师节__________________ 妇女节_____________ 母亲节_____________ 今天的报纸_______________ 走路10分钟的路程_____________________ 骑自行车20分钟的路程 a______________________ 一次7天的假期 _____________________ 女子100米赛跑______________ 新学期初___________________ 在医生诊所 我父亲的一个朋友_____________________ 我的一个朋友_______________
[中考题]
( )1. —Does he work hard?
—Yes, he has read _____ since he got to the office this morning.(2000)
A. several papers B. several paper C. a piece of paper D. paper
( )2.— Is this your room? —No. It’s _____ room. (2000)
A. the children B. the children’s C. of the children D. the childrens’
( )3. —How deep is the hole? —It is _______. (2000)
A. four metre deep B. four metres deep C. four-metre deep D. four-metres-deep
( )4. Ask the naughty boys not to make any ___. I can’t fall asleep. (2001)
A. voice B. sound C. noise D. singing
( )5. —Help yourself to ___. —Thanks. Mmmmm…it tastes good. (2001)
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken
( )6. Many ____ were hurt. But no ____ were lost in that accident. (2001)
A. person, life B. people, lives C. peoples, lives D. persons, life
( )7. —What is the weather like this summer here? —There ____ very little rain. (02)
A. has B. has been C. are D. have been
( )8. The Japanese ___ will not leave China until she finishes her study. (02)
A. woman B. women C. man D. men
( )9. Each of us has to write a ____ report every two weeks. (02)
A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word
C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words
( )10. —Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? —Sure, I have ____ time.(03)
A. a few B. little C. few D. a little
( )11. —Thanks for giving me ____ I wanted. —You are welcome.(04)
A. the information B. an information C. the informations D. information
( )12. —Did you and your friends ride your bike to the beach yesterday afternoon?
—Yeah. ___ we had! (05)
A. How a fun B. What fun C. What a fun D. How fun
( )13. This is _____ that all of us believe it’s very important. (05)
A. such useful information B. so useful an information
C. so useful informations D. such a useful information